Bitcoin, the pioneering copyright, relies on a decentralized network to validate and record transactions. This open and transparent nature, while a strength, presents a vulnerability known as the double-spend attack. In this type of attack, fraudulent actors attempt to utilize the same Bitcoin unit multiple times, potentially abusing the system for

Double-spend attacks pose a significant threat to the integrity of the Bitcoin network. These attacks exploit the inherent vulnerability of spending the same bitcoin twice, possibly disrupting transactions and damaging trust in the system. Fortunately, Bitcoin's architecture incorporates several robust mechanisms to mitigate this risk. The use of a